Investing Money towards Retirement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Putting away Money towards Retirement - Essay Example In the United States generally guardians expect the expense of setting up their children for school. Financing the advanced degree of two children can turn into an extravagant difficulty. Like most working grown-ups Sam is attempting to get by, yet he understands he needs to begin sparing towards these two objectives or he won’t have enough time left to achieve his objectives. Sam’s ground breaking strategy involves sparing $150 every month for a long time to come so as to set up his two children for school and to have the option to resign at 60 years old. His two children are age 3 and 8 years of age. Accepting his two children will begin school at 18 years old like most young people Sam should begin burning through cash on school educational cost a long time from now. Sam’s plan of sparing 150 a month infers he will spare $1,800 every year. Expecting he leaves the cash in the bank and makes 1% rate on his sparing Sam will have a long time from now $18,919.25. This measure of cash isn't adequate to get his senior child through four years of school. Sam needs to make changes in accordance with his arrangement. The least difficult approach to alter his arrangement is by improving speculation choices that will permit Sam to make a better yield on his venture. Contingent upon the financial business for long-extend investment funds is certifiably not a shrewd move because of the incredibly low-loan fee that this industry offers. Commonly premium gains on a financial record isn't sufficiently adequate to counterbalance swelling. Mr. Johnson needs to begin a speculation plan that is lined up with his drawn out monetary objectives. Putting away cash isn't an advanced science, however it requires an individual to get instructed on money related apparatuses, for example, stocks, securities, and shared assets. Regular stocks are probably the least complex kind of speculation choices. A typical stock is the exchange of a bit of proprietorship in an organization in return for cash.â

Customized Learning Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modified Learning Theory - Research Paper Example In addition with the headway in the work on instructive grounds, Experiential Learning can be used to make an understudy focused study hall setting. Learning Theory and its significance ELT gives an exhaustive learning process model just as multi-straight portrayal of grown-up improvement that are commonly reliable with what is expected of the learning, development and advancement instrument of people. It underscores on understanding, which helps in recognizing it from the conduct and subjective hypotheses of learning. Another explanation of being known as experiential hypothesis is its inception from crafted by thinkers like Piaget, Dewey and Lewin. It incorporates the philosophical sober mindedness of Dewey, social mental parts of Lewin’s work and the constructivist model of Piaget. In this manner it tends to be said that it gives a comprehensive model of learning in grown-ups proposed to clarify the distinctions and complexities of grown-up learner’s capacities in a solitary structure. The premise of this hypothesis is experience which is the fundamental propelling impulse in learning (Eickmann, Kolb and Kolb, 2004). Erikson demonstrated that educators need to create methods of favoring the possibilities of understudies by giving close thought to their exercises and recognizing and imparting to them the zones of their center skill. So an expansion in the hour of cooperation of educator and understudy is well on the way to happen as the time went through by the instructor with understudy increments. The hypothesis of Erickson proposed the effect of an educator on the learning capacity of juvenile understudies. This hypothesis essentially stresses on the job of educator in the scholastic learning of understudies and is joined to comprehend... As indicated by the examination discoveries to build up a learning network dependent on comprehensive setting and guaranteeing capacity gathering, educator needs to acknowledge and think about the individual contrasts among the understudies inside a study hall. The instructor needs to perform at its best level to guarantee successful conveyance of information. Understudies ought to be urged by educators to make individual finding while effectively conveying. In a perfect world, the instructors would be constantly centered around t he needs of understudies and they ought to have high inspiration to build their insight and there would be inordinate assets to outfit the necessities of a learning network. Be that as it may, in a certifiable not at all like this exists. This present reality contrasts from a perfect world from numerous points of view. So the instructor needs to investigate this present reality circumstance and propose a technique that may help in alteration of this present reality inconveniences. Genuine world requires endeavors from all side inside the constrained assets accessible. To adequately conceptualize the learning, a combination is required between the development of specialists and understudies. By differentiating and contrasting the development of understudies and specialists, an understanding can be picked up by the understudies into both and they may re-conceptualize themselves to accomplish similitude to that of the specialists. Being looked by the requirements of reality, instructor need to part their consideration among differing understudies of assorted causes, abilities, and premiums and learning styles.

Foundations of Criminal Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Establishments of Criminal Law - Assignment Example Prison for Sainsbury's IT supervisor who took 17 million Nectar Points’. This case discusses James Stevenson who was an IT administrator at risk of taking 17 million Necta focuses was seen as blameworthy and imprisoned for a long time. As per the United Kingdom Federal Law tending to the idea of burglary, it was on the whole correct to make that lawful move since Mr. Stevenson served the IT Company with conceit, where he never disapproved about the firm or the included gatherings. The UK Federal Law unmistakably expresses that no one should serve individual intrigue or participate in some type of debasement when working in an open office, organization or private divisions. For this situation, equity was procured to the firm and the included gatherings since Stevenson merited the sentence. The court saw him as liable of having taken the IT Company’s cash by serving his own advantage. The lawful issue here is that Stevenson had taken a huge number of Necta Points that had a place with the Company and the way that he was imprisoned taught him a thing or two. The dad of two, of Muswell Hill, north London, admitted utilizing a portion of the cash to purchase ?8, 120 †worth of items from the store. In any case, after estimations were completed with all the confirmations dissected distinctly, Mr. Stevenson was seen as liable and that was a toll judgment especially when inspected from the sentence perspective. The UK Fraud Law was definitely watched and equity done to the firm. The ID of this case by this article is exact, clear and complete as in it clarifies all ideas straightforwardly and obviously such that one can see well. Cop took ?70,000 in banks extortion to subsidize issue with individual official... be that as it may, strolls free from court’ (Daily Mail On-Line 22 February 2012) This case includes a cop who financed an extramarital undertaking utilizing deceitfully rounding up ?70, 000 in bank advances. After the made a decision ab out heard his cases definitely, he marked him as genuinely delicate and the man just strolled liberated from the court. PC Jamie Hillman who is 37 cheated in excess of 6 distinctive high road banks, fascinating Northern Rock and Barclays, through application for advances and charge cards (McQueeeney, 2012). As indicated by me, this judgment wasn't right as in what Hillman was doing is absolutely taking from banks. This is on the grounds that the legitimate issue plot is burglary since taking a person’s property or thing without their insight is taking. It doesn't make a difference who he served or how he utilized the cash yet most importantly he was taking. As indicated by the United Kingdom Fraud law, any type of taking from a business individual or association requests that the individual included be imprisoned on the grounds that that is illegal. The way that Hillman utilized bogus cases at the utilization of these credits including an open untruth that he was a sergeant i n the Metropolitan Police and even that he was a warrior serving in Afghanistan, makes him blameworthy and he had the right to be imprisoned (McQueeeney, 2012). In spite of the way that he may have utilized the cash to back ‘double life’, he utilized a specific segment of it to serve his own advantage what makes it understood taking goals. Hence, this judgment was wrong in light of the fact that the banks from which he took never got equity they merited. The legitimate issue, which is burglary, was not taken care of. Also, the appointed authority sent him to jail for a year; if in fact he was

Intro to Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Philosophy - Essay Example the individual private discussions with ourselves that we direct ‘in our heads.† People thusly talk about deciding altering my perspective or of being conflicted about some issue about which a choice is required. This fits in with the possibility that the psyche is a private and individual zone to which no other individual approaches. The historical background of the word in English shows how there is some disarray with respect to what ‘mind’ really implies. In Old English it was ‘gemynd’, a word used to allude to memory and goal just as intuition (, Harper 2012), in any event, ‘having the psyche aroused’. In Greek the word ‘memona’ alluded to both longing for something and furthermore franticness. In Latin, as in Old English, the word was connected to review and memory. In English by the fourteenth century ‘to mind’ intended to recall. In French anyway the word is ‘esprit’ or soul, and in Germa n ‘geist’ for example phantom, both alluding to an impalpable something. The cerebrum is clearly a physical article, it very well may be estimated, watched, even gauged. With present day imaging procedures it is even conceivable to see it in real life, artificially, neurologically and electronically. The psyche anyway is significantly less unmistakable †something we as a whole realize exists yet can't exactly clarify. It is a different substance. Our body can be completely loose, even snoozing, however the psyche can be dynamic. The converse can likewise be valid - we are running along maybe, pushing our body to its physical cutoff points, while simultaneously the psyche is just ticking over, considering practically nothing. The brain can be characterized as that piece of cognizant creatures which reasons, sees, thinks, wills and judges. The Free Dictionary characterizes the psyche as being :- The human awareness that begins in the mind and is showed particularly i n thought, recognition, feeling, will, memory and creative mind. It is additionally portrayed in a similar word reference as :- The aggregate cognizant and oblivious procedures in a conscious life form that immediate and impact mental and physical conduct. All psychological being are brought into the world with astonishing cerebrums and brains, yet it is something about which mankind all in all knows generally practically nothing. This paper will think about different perspectives regarding the matter, taking a gander at examine, at sentiments, common thoughts and strict writings. Almost certainly, man, from most punctual time, has known that he is comprised of more than physical things, more even than what he sees through his detects - man is after every one of the a visionary and furthermore equipped for profound encounters. Most likely the most established known thoughts regarding the brain originate from Zoroaster who may have lived as quite a while in the past as 2000 B.C.E.(Pa rsa, undated), in spite of the fact that appraisals of his dates differ impressively. As indicated by his biographer Zoroaster, a Persian thinker and the organizer of the Zoroastrian religion instructed that :- By keeping the psyche sound and by utilizing innovative powers, people can discover fulfillment and enthusiasm in what they do. In Buddhism the body is contrasted with a house and our brain to a visitor remaining there. As indicated by this conviction when an individual passes at the forefront of their thoughts proceeds onward into the following life or spot , and the house, as houses do, remains behind to be dealt with. (Kadampa 2010). A similar article likewise calls attention to that, as the psyche is amorphous, it is absolutely unhindered by physical items †which clarifies why it is conceivable to dream or to think about something without being in its

Argument Essay Samples Help Students Write Better Essays

Argument Essay Samples Help Students Write Better EssaysArgument essay samples are needed in high school. These are essay examples that will help students find the best way to write essays. These examples should help prepare students for writing as well as avoid common mistakes that could occur while writing an essay.Arguments are very important because they are the basis of learning how to think. Argument essays demonstrate how to use logic to better express an idea through creative and originality. For students who want to specialize in argument writing, these examples are essential.Students must be careful when using arguments to solve their problems. Arguments that are not properly written or presented can sometimes be worse than the problem itself. Writing well is a skill that needs to be learned. These argument examples help students get better at this.High school arguments also need a focus to focus on one topic in order to make it more interesting. Essay examples that only co ver a small part of the topic may be boring to read. Students need to find ways to write longer essays that include as much of the topic as possible.These argument essay examples are also vital in helping students to become writers. Essays need to be written with great skill and quality. Essay examples can help prepare students to do this.Arguments need to be approached from a different perspective than what is presented. They are not there to prove anything; they are there to help students learn from the situation. By writing well, students will be able to find ways to get the information they need to be successful in all areas of life.These essay examples can also be used in high school to prepare students for standardized tests. High school students usually have trouble with math and other subjects. Writing effective essays can help them to not only succeed but also learn new skills.It is easy to see why argument essay samples are so important in preparing students for high schoo l. Argument essays help students learn to express their ideas through creative and original thought. These examples are a great resource for students.

A Prisoner to Her Sex The Hauntings of the Female Genitalia in Louise Glück’s “Mock Orange” - Literature Essay Samples

In Louise Glà ¼ck’s poem, â€Å"Mock Orange† (Glà ¼ck 1995) the female flesh interferes with the speaker’s search for a desired full presence or wholeness. Through her representation of the mock orange flower as the female genitalia, Glà ¼ck attempts to transcend the speaker out of her own body to find a personal identity not established by gender. Through the speaker’s victimized demure and self-hatred towards her own feminine desire for companionship, Glà ¼ck challenges the hostage-like expectations society holds for women. Although Glà ¼ck makes great effort at transcendence for her characters into a new social identity, she creates the resonating theme throughout all her works that a woman will always be held prisoner to her sex. â€Å"Mock Orange† is not the only poem that Glà ¼ck writes that signifies the paralysis a woman faces because of her sex. Take for example her poem â€Å"The Chicago Train† (Glà ¼ck 1995). The poem reads, â€Å"And they sat- as though paralysis preceding death had nailed them there. The track bent south. I saw her pulsing crotch†¦ the lice rooted in that baby’s hair (â€Å"The Chicago† 4-8).† This self-hatred and offensive nature can be found throughout many of Glà ¼ck’s poems including â€Å"Mock Orange†. It is clear that Glà ¼ck feels revolted by her own bondage of her body to the physical world. The â€Å"pulsing crotch† can be seen as sexual arousal, either willing or unwilling. The desires that the woman on the train faces are similar to those that the speaker in â€Å"Mock Orange† faces. Glà ¼ck highlights these desires to voice her opinion on the fact that women have little control over such things. The view of sexual desire as a disgusting act bears the weight of the hatred Glà ¼ck and her characters feels towards the hold their sex has over them. The paralysis in â€Å"The Chicago Train† can be seen paralleled in â€Å"Mock Orange†. Instead of the paralysis of being love-struck, Glà ¼ck implies that a man restricts a woman’s capability to act as her own woman. â€Å"The man’s paralyzing body (â€Å"Mock† 7-8)† does not refer to the individual man that the speaker has relations with, but to all men. The image in the poem carries a heavy weight that quite literally makes even the reader feel weighed down by the burden of male companionship for women. Despite her selflessness in the act, she is still stru ck immobile by the man’s power. The patriarchy in relationships restrains the woman’s role within society. The idea that the man â€Å"wears the pants†, creates a submissive female. Her body is a locus of silence and disempowerment, and yet is still a house to her feminine desires. It is this reason that the speaker not only goes against the beliefs of female expectations in relationships, but she completely disregards her own body as feminine. This idea goes back to the mock orange flower that may look like an orange blossom but the fruits the mock orange bears are not the same. The speaker may look like a woman however she does not bear the same fruits or desires of union that ‘normal’ women wish for. She does not find wholeness through her submission to a man, as implied by the expectations she faces. Another one of Glà ¼ck’s poems that holds the victimized vulnerability is â€Å"Aphrodite† (Glà ¼ck 2012). The speaker in the poem is a goddess who no longer feels as if she has the ability to affect men. The poem reads, â€Å"A woman exposed as rock has this advantage: she controls the harbor (â€Å"Aphrodite† 1-3).† It is the goddess’ sexuality that gave her the power, however now she no longer has the power and is armless. â€Å"Her thighs cemented shut (â€Å"Aphrodite 17)† is all the power she has to prohibit the man’s penetration. The erotic longing as a form of self-hatred is portrayed in all three of Glà ¼ck’s poems. The damaged female sex symbolizes the woman’s powerlessn ess and prohibition. In â€Å"Mock Orange† when the speaker addresses sex with a man, she draws on the oppression that the patriarchal power in communion holds on women. Instead of presenting the speaker as a goddess as she does in â€Å"Aphrodite† Glà ¼ck presents the speaker as a victim to the mans predatory habit. Much like the flower whose fruits they bear are poisonous, the fruits of her sex will very well kill her freedom. The speaker holds no power over man but instead the man holds power over her. The poem reads, â€Å"the mans mouth sealing my mouth (â€Å"Mock† 6-7).† If Glà ¼ck wished to demonstrate a romantic relationship she would not have used the forceful language of seal. The word â€Å"sealing† brings an authoritative, masculine aspect into the poem. The word â€Å"seal† makes it seem as if the man wished to lock the power of femininity inside the woman and prevent it from escaping. It is not a gentle kiss of love for which the speaker hopes bu t an act of dominance. Her muteness is used to show the rejection of female identity and self-hatred that the speaker feels towards damaged female sex much like in â€Å"Aphrodite†. The false images inside â€Å"Mock Orange† derides the reader just as the flower mocks the speaker. The poem reads, â€Å"It is not the moon, I tell you. It is these flowers lighting the yard (â€Å"Mock† 1-3).† The civilized yard should be a peaceful image basked in the moonlight instead it has become a symbol of the domestic world. In that domestic world the feminine expectations hold her hostage. This image creates a delicate hopeful feeling, for the fruit these flowers will bear, but the speaker soon turns away from that by expressing her hatred for the flowers and ultimately the female expectations. This hatred forms from the promise of companionship that is broken in her union with the man. Her sexual union does not give her a sense of self or personal identity as promised by the flowers but instead takes away from her personal identity. It is as though the female identity can only be measured and created by a masculine entity. Through the speaker’s union she loses the power she once held, the desirability factor, just as Aphrodite loses her sense of self in her union with the seafarer. The belief that they’re union would make her whole as a woman is common among the feminine expectations that the speaker faces. In public expectations it is stated that a woman’s worth is measured by the desire of a man. If a woman is more desirable then she is wholesome, if she is not desirable then she must make herself so. These expectations are lost upon the speaker. The speaker does not find herself becoming whole in the union in the man but instead finds herself withdrawing from the expectations set forth and even rejecting the fruits that her sex bears. Glà ¼ck’s rejection is not only for the romantic expectation and convention of flowers, but also for the promise they held for a new profound identity and wholeness she is seeking through her sexual transcendence. Using the feminist critique of objectification, Glà ¼ck presents an argument not only through her imagery but through her perspective in the poem. Classic Hollywood cinema was once organized by the binary opposition between a masculine spectator as the subject and the object or the feminine spectated. In Parker’s words, â€Å"The masculine subject gazes, and the feminine object is gazed at (Parker 170).† In the poem â€Å"Mock Orange† the object being gazed upon is the mock orange flower, which in turn means that the speaker is the masculine object. The flower as a representation of the female genitalia becomes quite literal through this critique. The speaker has thrown away feminine figure, forcing the flower to become the sexual object. Although the man in the poem can be considered masculine, he is not the spectator. This power of the spectator transforms the woman from a sexual object to the infinite being she desires to be. This role reversal depends upon the patriarchal expectations that it reverses. To many it would seem as if the speaker would be the object in the way that the mean overtakes her, however it is through her perspective that we see the symbolization of the mock orange (Parker). Flowers have been known to be a symbol of feminine sexuality. When Glà ¼ck rejects the idea of flowers she is rejecting her own role as a woman and ultimately rejecting her female body. Many feminist artists and writers use flowers to portray the female genitalia. For example, British artist Georgia O’Keeffe’s floral artwork are assumed to be depictions of the female genitalia. The Freudian theory of her art being a close study of the female vulva first emerged one hundred years ago, but even in 1993 Glà ¼ck uses this idea to form her own art work in her poetry (Wikipedia). Instead of the beautiful images of the female sex presented by O’Keefe, we are met with humiliation and paralyzing oppression that the speaker faces just because she has a vagina. Glà ¼ck writes that union is a â€Å"humiliating† cry; there is no magical joining of two bodies into one flesh, or rebirth in the sexual act. Like the flowers, the act bore no fruit of its hopeful promises. For the speaker sex is an excuse to create the shame that she wishes upon herself while pretending to bond to something greater. She tries to measure her own value through the love and desire of a man. The speaker feels as if her femininity is a curse, that she must bear the fruits it brings, no matter how much she wishes to cast her sex away. The erotic desires the speaker faces, threaten the persona Glà ¼ck wishes her to have, a powerful feminist that needs no man. Her flesh interferes with her search for a desired full presence and wholeness. The poem reads, â€Å"We were made fools of. And the scent of mock orange drifts through the window (â€Å"Mock† 18).† The scent of the flowers is a reminder to the speaker of her own fate sealed by her sex. The sce nt that the flowers gives off, reminds the speaker of what she is meant to be; gentle and nurturing, submissive to man. The original orange blossom can be seen as a symbol for marriage and companionship in which the speaker wishes for, but the mock orange blossom is a meaning of counterfeit that creates the artificial companionship that the speaker receives (AuntyFlo). The sexual act does not grant her the ecstasy of freedom she wishes for but leads her further into her oppression. The flowers scent drifting through the window is a constant reminder of her sexual identity, the identity she is given at birth. Sex has been an illusion. Again, the symbol of inedible fruits and hateful flowers really highlights this idea. Like the flower, the speaker’s expectations of a personal presence through sex do not bloom. In her union, the man and woman do become one but only to grow apart again- going back to their â€Å"antagonisms† (â€Å"Mock Orange†). The romantic self-seeker does not find ecstasy, dissolution of self, or freedom but finds that the act does not give her the feeling of eternity she desires. She is searching for the infinity in her sex but falls short in her search. Using sex as transcendence, Glà ¼ck wishes to create a new identity that is not considered to be feminine or masculine, but is instead a sense of self. To find self presence and wholeness Glà ¼ck deems impossible due to the binds that sex has to identity. The speaker desires to find a sense of self through companionship with a with her rejection of flowers and her feminine body. For Glà ¼ck romance and love go hand in hand with subordination and false hope. The images presented in her poem are symbols of hope but the speakers rejection challenges feminine expectations. Highlighting failed attempts at intimacy, Glà ¼ck created the speaker’s rejection of the sex of her body. Her identity is not defined by her sex as the mock orange implies but yet she is held captive by it. When social expectations get in the way Glà ¼ck often uses self-hatred and negation through her speakers. She does not give her character a resolution, so it is left to believe that women are truly a prisoner to her sex. Works Cited Georgia OKeeffe. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 2016. Web. 26 Sept. 2016. Glà ¼ck, Louise. â€Å"Aphrodite.† Poems 1962-2012. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. Print. Glà ¼ck, Louise. â€Å"The Chicago Train.† The First Four Books of Poems: Firstborn, the House on Marshland, Descending Figure, the Triumph of Achilles. Hopewell, NJ: Ecco, 1995. Print. Glà ¼ck, Louise. â€Å"Mock Orange.† The First Four Books of Poems: Firstborn, the House on Marshland, Descending Figure, the Triumph of Achilles. Hopewell, NJ: Ecco, 1995. Print. Orange Mock. Flower Meaning. Aunty Flo Blog, 2010. Web. 26 Sept. 2016. Parker, Robert Dale. How to Interpret Literature: Critical Theory for Literary and Cultural Studies. New York: Oxford UP, 2015. Print.

Christopher Columbus and His Legacy Positive vs. Negative...

Upon completion of first grade, it is likely that children in America will have learned about the famous maritime explorer and navigator, Christopher Columbus. Born in 1451, Columbus was a Genoese captain commissioned by the king and queen of Spain to find a route to the Indies. However, he sailed the opposite direction of his intended goal by crossing the Atlantic and landing in the Americas, resulting in the discovery of the New World for Spain. Like all major figures in history, Columbus has left behind a legacy that people will always remember him for. The nature of this legacy in question is what remains controversial. It can be summed up with two opposing camps: those that view Columbus with a positive, respectful regard that he†¦show more content†¦There are always forerunners whose agency is postponed because the times are not propitious, (Winsor 43). Essentially, they believe that a single person cannot be credited for an achievement of this caliber because it requi res an individual to be at the right place and time, and that someone would reach this point sooner or later. Negative critics also point out that if he did change history, it was the beginning of the bloody trail of conquest across the Americas, (Hans 29). Columbus had paved the way for a series of Spanish conquistadors to hit the Americas. Because of this, longstanding civilizations such as the Aztecs and Incans would fall, and thousands would perish. Though not intentional, Columbus would also bring disease with him, along with those following him, which would kill countless Indian tribesÂâ€"some to the point of extinction. Columbus and his cruel treatment of natives are also frequently emphasized by critics; he had enslaved many natives and sold them for money despite being explicitly told not to by the royalty of Spain. 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Perkins Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan EditorRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pageson Exchanges continued on back inside cover E -commerce business. technology. society. T e n T H e d i t i o n Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio Traver New York University Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sà £o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor In Chief: Stephanie Wall Executive

Essay about Film Noirs Effect on Modern Cinema - 1365 Words

Film Noirs Effect on Modern Cinema High heels click on wet pavement, shady detectives stand in the shadows, shots ring out through the cold, dark city night-just another moment in film noir. These seedy, almost underground films are considered to be some of the best and most influential pictures in the history of Hollywood by anyones standards, most certainly some of the darkest. Even though the glory days of film noir have long passed and given way to big budget productions, their influence and effect on the industry can be felt and seen throughout the movies of today. The term film noir is a French term literally meaning, black cinema. During the second world war occupying Germans would control what pictures the people of†¦show more content†¦Such as the character of Sam Spade (played by Humphrey Bogart) in The Maltese Falcon (1941), who is himself being pursued by police after the mysterious death of his partner. In pursuit of a gold encrusted statue of a falcon, the woman who asks him to go after turns out to be his enemy the entire time, using her fierce sexuality to lure him along and manipulate his actions [3]. In the end, instead of the classic ?getting the girl? scenario so common in Hollywood, Spade simply turns her over the authorities, condemning her to prison and possibly even death. There are rarely happy endings in film noirs, especially with characters such as these. The other most noted character to be birthed from noir is that of the femme fatale, or spider woman. She is often extremely sexual, and tries to control men (often the private eye/anti hero) to do their bidding [2]. In 1944?s Double Indemnity, Barbara Stanwyck plays Phyllis Dietrichson the wife of a wealthy man with a hefty life insurance policy. Throughout the film she coerces and manipulates the film?s main character, an insurance salesman named Walter Neff (played by Fred MacMurray) into carrying out the murder and disposal of her husband to gain the money from his life insurance policy [3]. However, she only wants to kill him in the end to have the money to herself?but alas this is film noir and the film endsShow MoreRelatedThe View and Interpretation of the Term Genre1368 Words   |  5 Pageshow it relates to the way we view and interpret films The way in which we, as an audience, view and interpret films can be seen to relate directly to our understanding of ‘genre’. However, what is genre? Drawing on the knowledge of key theorists and critics such as Steve Neale and Barry Langford this essay will first attempt to define genre and our understanding of it before focusing on how genre relates to the audiences view and interpretation of films. It will also touch upon the historical contexts

Analysis Of Karen Abbott s Liar, Temptress, Soldier

Tayler Meneguin Mr. Dittmar American History 2nd Quarter Book Report December 18, 2014 Liar, Temptress, Soldier by Karen Abbott was a great book explaining the role of four women had during the civil war. In books, we readers do not alway read about the women and their phenomenal actions and duties during the war. In many peoples minds they just think, the women do not play a role, but in all reality the North would have never won if the women would not have stepped up and took over the farm, industries and help out in the battle field much like Clara Barton did, sadly she is not in this book, many other amazing women in the American history are in this book. Lets start by learning a little about the great civil war these miraculous women fought in. This story had taken place during the time of the civil war. The Civil War is one of the most important war in the history of the United States. This war was also one of the most deadly, it had ended almost 600 thousand young american lives. The war was the most important to the African Americans or what most call them tod ay, the â€Å" blacks†. The civil war had brought so many changes to the great country The United States of America. Those changes included positive changes to the financial system, federal government and many other organizations that would have never come together if the union and confederate armies would not have fought for the independence and the idea to combine ideas to come together to be one great nation.

Essay on The Changing Role of the Supernatural in the Bible

The Changing Role of the Supernatural in the Bible - The changing role of the supernatural in the bible Almost every religious scripture references to experiences of supernatural phenomenon by holy men and women. The Bible is no exception .The bible in both forms The Exodus, the old Testamant and the Luke in the new Testament is concerned primarily with the existence of god , the nature of god, the relationship of god with his creratures , primarily humanity. Gods role in the history and creation of the world in essence in the Bible is about the supernatural , god being conceived as a supernatural deity separate and existing from the natural creation. The supernatural phenomena in the Bible are the actions taken by this†¦show more content†¦Moreover he id perceived as a jealous God and also a god of war. In another of his visions to Moses, God displays the desire to be the law giver, â€Å"I will execute judgment I am the lord†(Exodus, 12:12). A further example of god’s want to be obeyed as a ruler is anothe r vision to the people of Israel where god says â€Å"if you listen carefully to the voice of the Lord your god, and do what is right in his sight, and give heed to his commandments and keep all his status, I will not bring upon you the diseases I brought upon the Egyptians†, God is threatening the people to obey him. These supernatural visions are used to install fear in the hearts of the people. Not only do the supernatural phenomena embed fear in the hearts of the Israelites, god uses these supernatural phenomena to make the Egyptians undergo tremendous suffering. In Exodus 10.1 god tells Moses â€Å"go to the pharaoh I have made him obdurate, so that you can tell your children and grandchildren the story how I toyed with the Egyptians, and what signs I showed among them. Thus you will know I am he lord† Subsequently the exodus describes graphically Egyptians being made to suffer such horrifying trials such as he killing of all their firstborn, a pogrom executed with great precision and dexterity by biblical god personally who defines himself on the basis of these very acts of murder and infanticide. Therefore it is through such supernatural phenomena that fear of his prophet. The supernaturalShow MoreRelatedThe Creation Of The Universe, Religion, And Morals1481 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture life. Neanderthals might have had based this belief on some concept of the supernatural that was just, in fact, common natural occurrences. From the moment humans have attained a sense of finite existence they have attempted to give meaning to life. Humans have created gods to explain scientific phenomenons, rituals to bring good fortune, and burials to ease death. History has proven that with the changing of society, God or gods change as well to accommodate for the current people. DeitiesRead M oreThe Life Of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian Period lasted from 1832 to 1901 under Queen Victoria’s reign. The culture revealed in this era was a time of rapid change, social inequality, industrialization, supernatural and religious beliefs, and was accurately reflected in the works of Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. Roles of men and women were strictly defined, as were economic statuses. The hustle and bustle of the streets led to illnesses. Working conditions were destitute and unsanitary. Children often had little to noRead MoreThe Hero With A Thousand Faces1328 Words   |  6 PagesFaces Prologue – The Monomyth Myth and Dream Myths are universal and transcendent through time; many ancient myths are seen recreated in modern times. The author uses Oedipus as a way of comparing myth to psychology. Dreams have also played a major role in civilization; the people who could interpret dreams can understand and create myths. â€Å"Dream is the personalized myth† (19). Tragedy and Comedy People have always been fascinated with the tragedy and death of others. Tragedy is the realizingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The English Language1649 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout their lives. Also, his plays talk about social issues that humans still face in today s world as author Gill Stoker says â€Å"the social issues of Shakespeare s day which feature in the plays - class division, racism, sexuality, intolerance, the role and status of women, crime, war, death, disease - are still the burning issues in today s dysfunctional global society.† (Shakespeare: Our contemporary?). One of Shakespeare most beloved play is Rome and Juliet, considered to be one of the firstRead MoreEssay on Creation verses Evolution1388 Words   |  6 PagesCreationist’s believe in a supreme creator, who is responsible for the universe and everything natural that it contains. Creationists believe in Genesis to prove that evolutionists’ theories are false. Mostly everyone know the book they refer to The Holy Bible, and in the book of Geneses chapter 2 verse 19 â€Å"and out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air† is what the creationist whole true. Although evolution is seen throughout nature and proven by ancient fossilsRead MoreThe First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment1663 Words   |  7 Pagesmost influential writers and new light preachers was Jonathan Edwards. Edwards was born into an Orthodox family on October 5th, 1703, in the city of East Windsor, Connecticut. As a child, Jonathan Edwards had constant exposure to the teachings of the Bible and Christian theology, as well as having the opportunity to learn a variety of languages such as Greek and Latin (University). Throughout his childhood, Edwards received an adequate and excellent education from his father and ten sisters, so thatRead More Scarlet Critique Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesLetter including symbolism and irony. He emphasized the individuals role in the community and the role of women in society. Hawthorne used romanticism as opposed to the classical correctness of writing. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the 18th Century and stressed strong emotion and imagination. Puritanism was the belief that all humans are sinful and that it is only though God and the bible that one can find redemption. Hawthorne did not agree with their philosophyRead MoreSharing The Gospel Is Both Simple And Complicated. Listing1693 Words   |  7 Pagesalone without depending on denominational belief statements and Scripture as the only source of information. Not because I don’t value Scripture, but because some listeners have not yet learned to value the Bible as an authority and sacred text. That being said, if possible, I’d have a Bible handy and refer to specific Scriptures. I’d also expect the listener would be participating and my contribution wouldn’t be a monolog. What separates Christianity from other faiths and religions is that JesusRead MoreThe Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements and Speaking in Tongues3214 Words   |  13 PagesPentecostals and Charismatics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 a. Brief History of the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2-3 b. The Beliefs of the Pentecostals and Charismatics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............3-5 III. The Bible and the Baptism in the Holy Spirit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 IV. The Bible and Gifts of the Holy Spirit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 V. Scholarly Perspectives on Speaking in Tongues †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 a. Speaking in Tongues: A Reversal of the Babel Event at Pentecost†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7-8 b.Read MoreEssay on Miracles Happen Every Day2191 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Miracles are one of the most common reasons people reject Christianity. People do not believe they could happen and therefore claim other parts of the Bible and biblical story must be in error. Christians have been raised to believe the miracles of the Bible but is it actually logical to do so? God is a complex God and therefore speaks in complex ways, which are beyond human comprehension. Miracles are God conveying a message to his people through divine intervention. Whether it

What Are The Competitive Forces Confronting Tiffany Co....

1.What are the strategically relevant factors of the macro-environment that affect the attractiveness of the U.S. jewelry industry? Specifically, are general and industry economic conditions and socio-cultural factors favorable to Tiffany Co.’s business situation? Relevant factors are: political factors, economic conditions, socio-cultural forces, technological factors, environmental force, and legal/regulatory factors. Economic conditions and socio-cultural factors have not been favorable to Tiffany Co. Economic hardships and the recession have led to revenue declines between 2006 and 2010. Retail jewelers in the U.S. were affected by these poor economic conditions and stores dropped drastically. 2. How strong are the competitive†¦show more content†¦The primary market remains focused on affluent buyers. The company traditionally focused on the most discriminating consumers, and students may suggest that the company is attempting to shift to a broad differentiation strategy with its attempts to broaden its target market to be available to all buyers. It is uncertain that items carried for the touristy market really do constitute a significant percentage of the company’s sales. 5. What does a SWOT analysis for Tiffany Co. reveal about its ability to seize market opportunities and nullify external threats? A SWOT analysis for Tiffany Co. reveals various of things. Many people are likely to suggest that Tiffany Co is suited to an aging population. Tiffany Co. may be suited to an online presence because of finance. Tiffany’s strategy is not well-suited to expanding its product line to appeal to a wider target market because of the threat to brand. The company will be threatened by an increasing online presence if they do not respond. They key question is really what do Tiffany customers value? If the same or a better diamond is available for substantially less cost, is the fact that a Tiffany’s diamond was purchased at the Tiffany s store enough to compensate for that? Their financial performance would strongly suggest customers are still willing to pay the premium. Reduced wedding demand does not beneft Tiffany - but how much harm will be caused willShow MoreRelatedBlue Nile Case Study1194 Words   |  5 Pages1. How strong are the competitive forces confronting Blue Nile and other online retail jewelers? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. If you were to forecast the future, what would this analysis look like in 10 years? Potential entrants: Major online retailers, major jewelers, Village Silversmith Current Competitors: Ice.com, Gemvara, Diamond.com, Jamesallen.com, Astley Clarke Substitutes: Smaller/local Jewelry stores Buyers: Couples to be engaged Suppliers: Diamond mines, preciousRead MoreThe Environmental Scan: Tiffanys Little Blue Box1853 Words   |  8 Pagestechnological, competitive, and geographical. These factors are known as the environmental scan. Many businesses including Tiffany Co. are affected by the macro-environment which can include a number of factors as mentioned above. Economy is one of the main factors that affect many companies and Tiffany’s as well. I believe that general and industry economic conditions and socio-cultural factors are favorable to Tiffany Co. business situation because of the standing Tiffany Co. holds in the

Project Planning Practices Based Enterprise â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Planning Practices Based Enterprise? Answer: Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning is the term used to refer the improved system for an organization. Under this process, a combination of software and other relevant things are adopted in order to covert the system of the organization into a digitalised system. ERP system is the technique through which organizations could make their process fast and adequate. With the adaptation of the Enterprise Resurge Planning in the workplace of the organization, chances of achievement of desired goals increase. Appropriate measures are adopted in order to evaluate the performance achieved by the organization after adaptation of the ERP system in the workplace with the performance of the organization before adaptation of the ERP system. It is a well-structured and authenticated system and it has also been considered as the most adequate system for the workplaces. This is because under this organizations relevant issues and the gaps are resolved in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives s et up by the management of the organization. Software for improving the internal communication process of an organization, software for improving the accounting and the financial policies of the organization, etc. are the main components of an improvised ERP system. Adaptation of this software helps the organization to obtain adequate as well as blunder-free outcomes. Requirement of ERP system in the workplace of Universal Merchant Banks will be discussed and in order to evaluate the all possible factors, requirement of the organization, ERPs requirements in relation with the Universal Merchant Banks procedure, risks involved in using ERP system in the workplace of Universal Merchant Banks, and the control measures will also be discussed in order to mitigate the impact of the risks over the Universal Merchant Banks performance. Basically this bank is situated in Ghana and planning for the expansion in the domestic as well as in the international market and for the same they have planned to adopt the ERP system in their workplace. Business Process Business process is the chain of numerous tasks executed in the organization to obtain effective results. The chain of task differs on the basis of organizational structure. All the tasks of the business process are linked with each other and they are classified as per the business requirements. Generally, producing, buying, selling, promoting, after sale service, etc. are common tasks which are provided under an organization. Business process of Universal Merchant Banks and other organization are unique. Generally Universal Merchant Banks procedure includes receiving the deposits from the customers; credit them into their savings and current account (Tasevska, Damij Damij, 2014). Apart from depositing the consumers money, they also provide the facility of fixed deposit account, under which consumer needs to deposit the money for locking period to get additional rate of interest. Along with these services, Universal Merchant Banks also provide loans and advances on various bases. While evaluating the requirement of the ERP in the business process of Universal Merchant Banks, it was analysed that Universal Merchant Banks require appropriate software which needs to be connected with the head office of the Universal Merchant Bank as well as with the regulatory authority of the particular country. This is because when a consumer asks for the loan, Universal Merchant Bank can take out relevant information in r elevance with the loan taken in the history and payment of that loan, etc. Checking background of the customer is very crucial in terms of providing loans and the advances because it helps the Universal Merchant Banks to be assured in relevance with the repayment of the loan (Tarhini, Ammar Tarhini, 2015). For instance, a Universal Merchant Bank is using out-dated technology to perform the functionalities of the Universal Merchant Bank such as manual deposit of the money from its consumers; it increases the chances of errors because faulty as well as chances of duplicate currency deposit increases. Apart from this, organization will not be able to check the appropriate information in relevance with the background of the consumer and this may lead to the issue because due to lack of information, consumer will get the loans and this also increases the chances of bad debts of the loans (Shen, Chen Wang, 2016). While the automated business process includes the combination of relevant software for the organization with the appropriate ERP system and this procedure has been adopted by various big Universal Merchant Banks in order to enhance their abilities (Shaul Tauber, 2013). Following is the detailed explanation of Universal Merchant Banks process: Taking deposits from the consumers; Providing them the facility of Universal Merchant Bank accounts in the form savings, current as well as fixed deposit; Providing loans is also a big activity and this is the major source of income for Universal Merchant Banks; Providing its customers facilities like accounts receivables, accounts payables, advances, etc. (Seo, 2013). Providing to the salary to the employees and other staff of the Universal Merchant Bank; Universal Merchant Banks process of business and the process for a trader and a manufacturer are quite similar. The major difference is Universal Merchant Banks deals in cash where a trader and manufacturer deal in goods and services. Adaptation of the ERP system will provide lot of benefits to the Universal Merchant Banks and it will also help them to enhance their profitability because chances of errors and disputes will be less in relevance with the manual working process of Universal Merchant Banks. Customers will also be motivated to make transactions with the Universal Merchant Banks as manual process leads to long queues for consumers for withdrawing or for depositing the money. Apart from this, ERP also leads to provide the Universal Merchant Banks consumers various unique services through which they can deposit their money from any part of the country as well as foreign transfer will also be allowed. Along with the depositing facility an ATM card will also be issues through which customers can withdraw their money from any part of the globe without waiting in long queues. Hence, the procedure of the Universal Merchant Banks will be quite simple with the adaptation of the advanced technology in order to attain more number of consumers and the more number of consumers will show their interest in dealing with the Universal Merchant Banks, the more profitability of the Universal Merchant Bank will be (Seethamraju, 2015). Business Requirements for ERP system There are numerous business requirements are available which needs to updated in relevance with adaptation of adequate set of objectives. Along with the achievement of targets, goals and objectives, it also helps in setting the adequate image in the global market. Enterprise resource planning enhances the ability of the organization in such a manner so that organization could easily reach to its desired destination. In relation with the Universal Merchant Banks procedure, implementation of the enterprise resource planning will help them to provide the facility to its customers of global transact. Under this facility, customers can transact with their Universal Merchant Bank from any part of the world. Along with the benefit to its customers, organizations internal process also becomes resilient and effective. Expanding the branches of the Universal Merchant Banks across the city, in the country or in the global market, the major requirement is ERP because it will help the organizatio n to gain the relevant information of operations in any branch. Chances of errors, theft, etc. reduce because the whole process will be performed with the help of ERP only (Sarno, et. al., 2015). Apart from the clients end process; they also need to follow the policies in relation with the employees and other things of the organization. The major requirement of any business is internal communication system. Good internal communication system helps the organization to achieve its desired goals in order to gain the competitive advantage in the dynamic business environment. Along with gaining the competitive advantage, internal communication also resolves various types of issues which become the barrier in working procedure of the organization. Lack of adequate and effective internal communication system may lead to various issues in the organization such as disputes between the employer and employee, dispute situation between team members and the outcome of these results could be noticed from the performance of the organization. With the disputes situation within the workplace, no organization will be able to achieve its desired goals and targets, hence; to reach to the adequat e place in the dynamic business environment, organization needs to adopt the adequate set of strategies in relevance with the internal communication process. ERPs major component is internal communication system through which gaps could be analysed which is affecting the performance of the organization (Nofal Yusof, 2013). With the implementation of the ERP system within the workplace of the Universal Merchant Banks, it will resolve various issues such as internal communication system; it will remove the barriers between the higher level management and the lower level employees. Through this procedure, lower level employee would be able to convey their messages to the higher level management in relevance with the issues faced by them in the organizational workplace. Appropriate actions could be taken in such conditions to remove those barriers which are affecting the performance of the organization in the negative manner (Yeh Xu, 2013). Apart from this, Universal Merchant Banks management and the directors can also adopt the policy in which lower level employees such as clerks will also be asked to get involved in the meetings under which appropriate decision will be taken in order to resolve the issues which affect the organizations performance. This will enhance the decision making power of the orga nization as well as it will also improves the organizational performance because the adequate set of strategies will only be adopted in relation with the business process of the Universal Merchant Banks (Nah Tan, 2015) Requirements of ERP in Universal Merchant Banks The basic procedure of Universal Merchant Bank is providing consulting services to its consumers as well as helping them for taking appropriate financial decision in respect of getting adequate amount of benefits. ERP requires the understanding from the employees of the organization in order to attain the objectives for the organization. While implementing the enterprise resource planning system in the workplace of Universal Merchant Bank, management needs to develop some policies which could help the organizations procedures to be amended as per the ERPs requirements. Implementation of the ERP system in the organization is also useful to gain competitive advantage. The major tasks performed by the Universal Merchant Bank is providing consulting services in relation with the finance and helping them in taking adequate investment decisions. Against to this, they charge certain percentage of commission for providing these valuable services to its consumers (Leon, 2014). Investment decisions could be more effectively taken and suggested to the consumers through implementation of the Enterprise resource Planning system in the workplace. Apart from this, organization could also amend their functional areas to meet with the Enterprise Resource Plannings requirements. With the implementation of the ERP technique, organization will be able to determine its objectives as well as the unique strategies will be adopted in order to amend the policies in order to meet with the requirements of the enterprise resource planning system. This system also ensures the organization to improve their performance as adaptation of the techniques will also help the organization in order to mould their activities in such a manner where ERPs needs and the Universal Merchant Banks requirements could be matched up. Along with these requirements, ERP demands training measures to the employees of the organization. This will help them to understand the appropriate outcome as well as the procedure to operate the functionalities through the ERP system can also be understood adequately (Kurbel, 2016). ERP system also helps the management of the bank to reduce cost from certain sectors i.e.: Human Resource Management: This is the most crucial element of the organization and through this department; organization will be able to recognize the requirement of the organization. Under this department, most appropriate persons are appointed on the adequate places in order attain the goals for the organization. Apart from this, Universal Merchant Bank is involved in delivering consulting as well as advisory services in relation with the financial issues to its customers. Hence; they require adequate persons on the adequate places in order to fulfil the needs of their consumers (Kermani Rouhani, 2014). Material Management: In terms of the material management in relation with the Universal Merchant Bank, management of the key employees such as financial experts as well as the person who have the ability to turn the consumers mind. Apart from this, management also needs to concentrate on its market share value and in order to maintain the market share value of the Universal Merchant Bank, appropriate set of strategies should be adopted for making the organizational work satisfactory as well as beneficial (Hunton, McEwen Wier, 2015). Financial Accounting: Accounts and the financial department for the Universal Merchant Bank have great weightage. This is due to their involvement in the finance related operations. Their functionalities are linked with this department only. Hence, requirement for this department in relation with the ERP system is quite high. Accounts department will be served with adequate software through which most of the data will be stored in that software and the access will be given to the accounts team depending upon their functionalities. Under this software, organization will be able to record appropriate data such as payroll of the employees, payments to the consumers, receivables from consumers in the form commission, due instalments from consumers, etc. Organization will be able to resolve the issues in relation with this department and the chances of error which were high in manual working will be avoided through using software in ERP system (Hoch Dulebohn, 2013) Vendor and software selection The major task involved in the ERP system is the adaptation of the software that could meet the requirement of the organization. While evaluating the requirement of the Universal Merchant Banks functionalities, software related to the accounts will be more demanded in relevance with other software. After analysing the demand of the Universal Merchant Bank, it was observed that adequate adaptation of the software is necessary to avoid the glitches in the performance of the organization such as theft of data, leakage of clients credentials, etc. Hence, selection of the software requires proper attention in relevance with the other functionalities of the organization (Ha Ahn, 2014). After evaluating the need of the software, selection of the vendor should also be done on the same basis in order to maintain the confidentiality of the organization. Vendor should be reliable as well as responsible enough so that while suffering from any issues, organization could be able to resolve the issues from the help of such vendor. This will help the organization in order to maintain the relationship with the suppliers also (Garg Garg, 2013). Effectiveness of ERP in enhancing the business efficiency ERP is the technique through which organization is able to update its procedure in terms of enhancing the business performance. Due to adaptation of the digitalised system, organizations work will be done in the less time as compared to the work done by manual methods. Apart from these, various importance are available through which organization is able to enhance the efficiency of the organization: Appropriate inventory could be marinated as well as data in relevance with the staff as well as consumers will also be able to store in safe and secure manner (Eden, Sedera Tan, 2014). Performance of the employees, their present days in the organization as well as the overtime done by them can also be easily determined. The major and the primary activity of the Universal Merchant Bank is related with finance terms so it is mandatory for the organization that ERP system should be in relevance with the enhancement of the banks performance (Costa, et. al., 2016). Level of efficiency achieved through implementation of ERP system Evaluation of the efficiency achieved after the adaptation of the ERP system could be measured with comparing the statistics of the bank prior adopting technology system. It can also be measured with the help of making comparison between the previous financial statements and the current financial statements. With regards to this statistics, a level up in the performance of the organization could only be recognised when a sufficient rate of increase is noticed in the profit ratio or in the sales ratio (Zeng Skibniewski, 2013). It is obvious that after adaptation of the technologies, work efficiency as well as the effectiveness in the performance of the bank will be increased. Hence, with the increased profitability and the efficiency of the organization, rate of the efficiency achieved by the organization could be recorded. With the implementation of the technologies for enhancing the performance of the organization will also leads to develop their image in the global market. This is also a reason for adopting the advanced technology and the ERP system in the workplace because it helps the organization to gain the competitive advantage as well as the chances of exploring the business activities in the dynamic business environment will be more (Chofreh, et. al., 2014). Risk involved in ERP system and Control Measures With the adaptation of the ERP system in the workplace of an organization, risk factors should also be considered in order to eliminate the glitch in the performance of the organization. In terms of Universal Merchant Bank, organization needs to adopt some strategies though which risk assessment could be done and in order to eliminate the impact of those risk factors, appropriate and adequate control measures should be adopted. Major risk factors available in the Universal Merchant Banks process are the choice of vendors and the software (Cao, Nicolaou Bhattacharya, 2013). Apart from this risk factor, adaptation of the customized software is also a big threat for the organization. Customization of the software in terms of ERP system is injurious for the performance of the organization because vendor may not take the responsibility for the issues faced by the organization in terms of software. Hence, organization needs to adopt that software which could help the organization in relation with the adequate ERP system whose issues could be resolved with the help of vendor (Aslan, Stevenson Hendry, 2015). Control measures are necessary in relevance with the adaptation of the ERP system in the organization. The major risk factor is leakage of the confidential information of the clients and the data of the organization. Hence, to resolve this appropriate security measures and the access security needs to be imposed to avoid these kinds of issues. In order to achieve the target of the organization, risk controlling measures such as ignorance of risk, acceptance of risk as well as the transfer of risk needs to be adopted (Altamony, et. al., 2016). Conclusion From the above discussed information, it has been observed that the Universal Merchant Bank has adopted various strategies through which organization could be able to achieve the desired targets. Adaptation of the ERP system in the workplace analyses the gaps as well as fulfil those gaps in order to meet with the customers satisfaction as well as to attain gaols for the organization. For the same certain set of strategies were adopted in order to enhance the performance of the Universal Merchant bank in ERP system. Under this procedure, organization various risk factors were determined and control measures were also defined in order to avoid those risk factors. References Altamony, H., Tarhini, A., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A. and Elyas, T., 2016. The relationship between change management strategy and successful enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(4), pp.690-703. Aslan, B., Stevenson, M. and Hendry, L.C., 2015. The applicability and impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems: Results from a mixed method study on Make-To-Order (MTO) companies.Computers in Industry,70, pp.127-143. Cao, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2013. A longitudinal examination of enterprise resource planning system post-implementation enhancements.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.13-39. Chofreh, A.G., Goni, F.A., Shaharoun, A.M., Ismail, S. and Kleme, J.J., 2014. Sustainable enterprise resource planning: imperatives and research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production,71, pp.139-147. Costa, C.J., Ferreira, E., Bento, F. and Aparicio, M., 2016. Enterprise resource planning adoption and satisfaction determinants.Computers in Human Behavior,63, pp.659-671. Eden, R., Sedera, D. and Tan, F.B., 2014. Sustaining the Momentum: Archival Analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (2006-2012).CAIS,35, p.3. Garg, P. and Garg, A., 2013. An empirical study on critical failure factors for enterprise resource planning implementation in Indian retail sector.Business Process Management Journal,19(3), pp.496-514. Ha, Y.M. and Ahn, H.J., 2014. Factors affecting the performance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the post-implementation stage.Behaviour Information Technology,33(10), pp.1065-1081. Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.114-125. Hunton, J.E., McEwen, R.A. and Wier, B., 2015. Retraction: The Reaction of Financial Analysts to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation Plans.Journal of Information Systems,29(2), pp.241-241. Kermani, S.E. and Rouhani, S., 2014. Review of Readiness to the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries.Iranian Journal of Business and Economics,1. Kurbel, K.E., 2016.Enterprise Resource Planning And Supply Chain Management. Springer-Verlag Berlin An. Leon, A., 2014.Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Nah, F.F.H. and Tan, X., 2015. An Emergent Model of End-users' Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: A Grounded Theory Approach.Journal of Database Management (JDM),26(4), pp.44-66. Nofal, M.I. and Yusof, Z.M., 2013. Integration of business intelligence and enterprise resource planning within organizations.Procedia Technology,11, pp.658-665. Sarno, R., Djeni, C.A., Mukhlash, I. And Sunaryono, D., 2015. Developing A Workflow Management System For Enterprise Resource Planning.Journal Of Theoretical Applied Information Technology,72(3). Seethamraju, R., 2015. Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).Information systems frontiers,17(3), pp.475-492. Seo, G., 2013.Challenges in implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in large organizations: similarities and differences between corporate and university environment(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Shaul, L. and Tauber, D., 2013. Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),45(4), p.55. Shen, Y.C., Chen, P.S. and Wang, C.H., 2016. A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach.Computers in Industry,75, pp.127-139. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H. and Tarhini, T., 2015. Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), p.25. Tasevska, F., Damij, T. and Damij, N., 2014. Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia.International journal of project management,32(3), pp.529-539. Yeh, C.H. and Xu, Y., 2013. Managing critical success strategies for an enterprise resource planning project.European Journal of Operational Research,230(3), pp.604-614. Zeng, Y. and Skibniewski, M.J., 2013. Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: a fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.332-353.

System Engineering Analysis And Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The System Engineering Analysis And Development? Answer: Introduction Compatibility is considered to be an essential element in design burner stove. Here the things are arranged in proper manner in order to deal with the issues spatial issues of the stove. The better compatibility within the gas stove is achieved by the arrangements of the hot plates. The congruence design is implemented to get optimized fuel consumption. The article by Hoffmann and Chan (2011), have explored the importance of compatibility and congruence in the respect of spatial arrangement of the four burner gas oven. It is possible to achieve improved levels of spatial relationship with better level of compatibility. The experiment with the article of Hoffmann and Chan, (2011), have used hot plates to mimic the layout of four burner gas oven. With better level of computability and congruence, it is possible to better control the gas oven. From the experiment it has been concluded that it is better to have control over the horizontal direction and control in group that is needed to achieve better levels of computability and congruence. It is also important not to have interposed levels of control as it can compromise of the level of fuel optimization. It is therefore essential to consider the elements of spatial arrangement within the gas burner oven for all future designs. The arrangement of the burners is again optimized to deal with the issues related to that of greater levels of fuel consumption. Human Factors and Ergonomics principles and concepts: According to Wasson (2015), the study of human factors and ergonomics are aimed to achieve better design of products including gadgets and machines. This optimized design is achieved to make the product safe and user friendly. It is also important to analyze the external environment of the machine operations that are needed to improve the levels of safety. It is therefore possible to achieve best possible productivity. In the study of Hoffmann and Chan, (2011), the principles of ergonomics have been achieved to deal with the issues of safety and fuel consumption of in four burner gas oven. The spatial arrangements of the knobs are essential in the context it can help to improve the level of safety. High levels of spatial arrangements that are needed to achieve better level of operating control. Trapezoidal layouts of burners are also effective as it can help to have better levels of control. The added safety advantages are also associated with the given design (Hoffmann Chan, 2011). The designs that are approved by the experiment will now be available in the commercial market to ensure that the public is able to enjoy the best possible gas oven. The validly of the study is due to the fact that it has been reported after conducting experiment with people. It is therefore possible to deal with the issues of spatial relationship between the burner and the knob. This is achieved by having better levels of compatibility and congruence that is achieved with better levels of design. Best possible design The second experiment that has been mentioned in the paper of Hoffmann and Chan (2011), was conducted with seven hot plates, which are arranged in different ways to deal with the issues of spatial organization. The researchers have tired different arrangements of plate that has helped them to evaluate upon the best possible design to improve upon the ergonomic efficiency. The researchers have tried seven different types of combination in the given regards. Two of the designs within the experiment has lower levels of compatibility, thereby causing high level of risks. The first and the sixth design has been found to have the least levels of compatibility. This is mainly for the fact that they have low levels of interposed control. There is also no spatial similarity with the hot plates that were used within the experiment. In order to practically implement the best possible design, it is essential to ensure higher levels of compatibility that will ensure higher level of safety for the users. This believed to be one the essential criteria for the applying the ergonomic principles in design of the gas stove. The length of the linkage is smallest in case of design 2 and 3. This will help to ensure that minimum fuel is being consumed as there is low consumption within the linkages of the pipe. Les expenditure is also required in the manufacture of gas burner using design 2 and 3. Greater amount of space is also available in front of the stove, which will help to improve the safety level. With horizontal level of control, it is easily possible for the user to act swiftly during the time of emergency. Spatial compatibility is also possible within the design, which is evident from the response provided by participants. Hence, from the experiment design 2 and 3 are regarded as the best in terms of usage and compatibility and can be regarded as the most ergonomic design of gas stove. Suggestion for improvement in the HMI design Design 2 and 3 has been chosen as the best possible ergonomic design owing to the fact that they are the best in terms of safety, user friendly and optimized fuel consumption. In order to provide the best possible human-machine interface (HMI) design, it is essential to deal with the issues of emergency situations that can be faced by the user. Hence, in the given context it is important to use easily detachable parts, which can be maintained easily by the users. This will ensure that the safety levels are not compromised (Boy, 2017). The cleaning of the parts also should be done effectively thereby ensuring that there is no blockage within the pipe of fuel flow. This will ensure that there are lower levels of fuel wastages. Hence, with the help of better possible HMI system, it is possible to improve upon the economic efficiency of gas burner stove. Thereby it is possible to optimize the cost with minimum comprised level of safety. References Boy, G. A. (Ed.). (2017). The handbook of human-machine interaction: a human-centered design approach. CRC Press. Hoffmann, E. R., Chan, A. H. (2011). Alternative approaches to the design of four-burner stoves. Ergonomics, 54(9), 777-791. Wasson, C. S. (2015). System engineering analysis, design, and development: Concepts, principles, and practices. John Wiley Sons.

College Essay Sample Show Transition Sentence

College Essay Sample Show Transition SentenceA college essay sample show transition sentence will help you use the right writing style when writing your college essay. Although most writing samples on the internet are rather simplistic and informal, they do not give you the basic vocabulary you need to write an essay that is well written and coherent. While transition sentences can be an important part of any good essay, there are some things you must learn to properly use them.Transitions are words that move in and out of a passage. An example of a transition would be when you get to the end of a story, or essay, and then you stop for a period of time, then continue on to the next sentence. The best transition sentence is one that does not make the reader wait too long before you can move onto the next sentence. An important part of good transitions is to avoid repeating the same word or sentence several times. For example, instead of 'Thank you' four times in a row, use 'Thank you for the opportunity to meet with you, and for your time.'One of the most important parts of a transition sentence is making sure the transition is logical. For example, instead of repeating 'A common misconception of the term 'opportunity'' make the transition say 'The common misconception of the term 'opportunity' is that it suggests some great thing that has been handed to someone without work. This kind of thinking can easily be avoided.'Another great example of a transition sentence is 'The first draft of this article was written in English. After two years, it has become a little more difficult to understand. At this point, I have decided to rewrite the whole thing in a variety of languages.'When creating a transition, it is also important to be consistent in your transitions. While you might have a preference as to what language to use in which sentence, you should use the same sentences throughout your college essay sample show a transition sentence. For example, instead of s tarting in English, which you might do if you are going to be discussing your experiences in an English speaking country, you might start in French.You might also prefer to end in French and continue in Spanish if you have not learned the new language. Instead of ending in English, you might add a question or a sentence describing why you chose to use a different language. This will also allow you to be a little more creative in your transitions.A transition can be a very important part of a college essay sample show a transition sentence. It will help you use the proper transitions when writing your essay. It is a good idea to look at other samples, but the most important part of transitioning your essay is to make sure the transitions are logical and consistent.A transition sentence is an important part of your college essay. The transition sentence helps you communicate your thoughts, so it is important to use it properly.

Successes and Failures of the Ford Motor Company free essay sample

A paper which assesses the reasons for the successes and failures of the Ford Motor Company, according to Collins and Porras text 12 Myths of Successful Businesses in their book on the subject. According to the book Built To Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies by James Collins and Jerry Porras, the Ford Motor Company is one of the paradigmatic examples of successful enterprise in the American automobile industry. Like the image it has projected of its automobiles, the firm itself is a model of durability and consistency. This paper examines the reasons for the successes and some of the failures of the company according to the principles outlined in Collins and Porras text, what they call their 12 Myths of Successful Businesses, that are outlined and exploded over the course of the books analysis. Ford Motors company has produced products that have changed not only the automobile industry but American corporate and popular culture as a whole, including such models as the Model T of the first half of the 20th century and later the Mustang. We will write a custom essay sample on Successes and Failures of the Ford Motor Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Collins and Porras pp. 2-4) Innovate, Motivate, Lead, proclaims the corporate slogan of Ford upon its 100th anniversary as a company. The company pioneered the assembly line system of automobile manufacturing. In this system, the parts and vehicles themselves moved rather the individuals doing the manufacturing. This system enabled the company to manufacture the first automobile, known as the Model T, which was affordable and accessible on a mass scale to ordinary American families.

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter Youve  applied to graduate schools, and lo and behold, youve been accepted to the program of your dreams. You may think youre all set and you need only  pack your  bags, book a flight or load your car, and head out to grad school. But, you need to take one more step to ensure your position at the school will be open and ready for you when you arrive: Youll need to write an acceptance letter. Admissions officers have to be sure that you are ready to attend; otherwise, they will likely give your spot to another candidate. Before Writing Your Letter or Email Your graduate school applications were just the first step. Maybe you received  several  offers of admission, maybe not. Either way, remember to share the good news with friends and family first. Dont forget to thank your mentors and people who wrote  recommendation letters on your behalf. You want to maintain your educational and professional contacts as your academic career progresses. Writing Your Reply Most grad programs notify applicants of their acceptance- or rejection- by email or phone, although a few still send formal letters by mail. Regardless of how youre notified, dont immediately say yes. This is especially important if the good news comes in a phone call. Thank the caller, likely a professor, and explain that you will reply soon. Dont worry: You wont suddenly have your acceptance revoked if you briefly delay. Most programs give accepted students a window of a few days- or even up to a week or two- to decide. Once youve had a chance to digest the good news and consider your options, its time to write your graduate school acceptance letter. You can respond via a letter that you send through the mail or you can reply by email. In either case, your response should be short, respectful, and clearly indicate your decision. Sample Acceptance Letter or Email Feel free to use the sample letter or email below. Simply replace the name of the professor, admissions officer, or admissions committee of the school as appropriate: Dear Dr. Smith (or Admissions Committee): I am writing to accept your offer to enroll in the X program at [graduate university]. Thank you, and I appreciate your time and consideration during the admissions process. I look forward to attending your program this fall and am excited by the opportunities that await. Sincerely, Rebecca R. Student Though your correspondence seemingly states the obvious, it is very important that you make it clear that you intend to enroll in the graduate program. And, being polite- such as saying thank you- is always important in any official correspondence. Before You Send the Letter or Email As you would with any important correspondence, take the time to reread your letter or email before you send it. Ensure that it doesnt have any misspellings or grammatical errors. Once youre satisfied with your acceptance letter, send it. If youve been accepted into more than one grad program, youve still got some homework to do. Youll need to write a letter declining an offer of admissions  to each of the programs you rejected. As with your acceptance letter, make it short, direct, and respectful.

Best Nursing Practice for Newborns with Jaundice Essay

Best Nursing Practice for Newborns with Jaundice - Essay Example The most common intervention is phototherapy which is initiated soon after the level of bilirubin reaches phototherapy zone. Infants receiving phototherapy need extra nursing care so that therapeutic phototherapy is provided and the baby does not feel chill or burn. Breast feeding is encouraged during phototherapy and some babies may benefit with fiberoptic pad underneath. The irradiation of the light must be measured. Nurses must maintain input and out because these babies are at risk of dehydration. Daily weighing is another method of monitoring hydration. Nurses must also maintain temperature stability and skin intergrity. They must also monitor signs of irritation of the eyes. Linen of the babies must be changed frequently (Cohen, 2006). Nursing assessment with reference to these babies includes head size, evidence of birth trauma, feed intake, stooling, sleep patterns, irritability, lethargy and interaction with family. Serum bilirubin levels must be checked every 8, 12 or 24 ho urs based on the assessment. Phototherapy must be discontinued when the bilirubin level falls less than 14 mg/dl. When bilirubin levels rise above 25 mg/dl, it is considered as medical emergency and the baby must be evaluated for exchange transfusion (AAP, 2005).

Reflection & Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflection & Application - Essay Example Therefore, much to my surprise, when I was talking to another friend, it slipped that the topic which was supposed to be a secret, was known to her. This only proves that my close friend committed a breach in promising secrecy to what I shared to her. From then on, although she remained a friend, the level of closeness (especially in terms of sharing controversial topics) already changed. Similar incidents of breaches of trust were presented in the text and the same outcome was noted. What touched me most was the disclosure that people actually have different reactions and perceptions in the way trust is given. The discourse presented information which relayed that people who have had some family problems (impending divorce of parents or the way parents raise their children) affect the way children perceive other people as trustworthy. For me, it was actually very easy to give trust – until some unfortunate event, caused me to learn from the experience. Thus, the learning experience enabled me to realize that we should actually be careful in divulging private and confidential information to people, even to close friends, until such time that we have confirmed that these friends are classified as friends of the heart (or intimate friends) who last regardless of time, distance, and challenging situations. Concurrently, another important aspect learned from the chapter was in the area of accepting friends, despite their flaws. I strongly believe that friends last because each and every one learned to accept the person for who that person truly is and does not try to change the person to fit selfish interests or desires. I also affirm that, as friends, one could say to each other comments, which could sometimes be hurting; yet, which is needed to be communicated to assist the friend in changing for the better (for her or his own good). For instance, when a friend asks

The aim of this project is to design Essay Example for Free

The aim of this project is to design Essay

Colonial Differences Essay -- essays research papers

The differences in development between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake or Middle colonies occurred for a many number of reasons. First, they were different people. They come from different places and had different ways of life. Not only did the two regions both have different governing systems, but they were also driven to the New World by different religions or incentives. Even their slight economic differences helped to shape the individuality of the two areas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most could probably see that is was painfully obvious as to who the religious fanatics were. New England’s colonists seemed to have a more religious tone, than did that of the Middle or Southern regions. The Puritans, who had apparently come to America to escape ridicule and religious persecution, were taking up on that very idea, punishing all those whom did not share in their ideas. They were stiff, strict people and did not allow for much, but the main idea is that they were driven by a higher power, God. This made the Puritans successful Massachusetts’s colonists in that they were strong-willed and willing to make their government work. The type of government chosen by the Puritans worked well, a theocratic environment. A theocracy is defined as government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. According the John Winthrop, who was to be their governor for some number of years, it seemed that t heir grand purpose in A...

How do the brain and eyes jointly process information?

Introduction The intricacies of the human eye enable us to interpret light and distinguish colour to produce vision. It is, however, the complexity of the processing in the visual pathway from eye to brain along which this information is interpreted and manifested that allows us to create a representation of the surrounding world, otherwise known as visual perception (Gibson, 1950). Whilst vision begins with the eye and ends with the brain, the way these organs work together and the relative influence each has on our perception is fundamental to producing what we see. Light is first refracted onto the cornea of the eye before passing to the pupil and lens. An image is then projected onto the retina, resulting in the production of ganglion cells specialised to describe depth, colour, shape, motion, and light intensity (Nelson, 2007). Nerve spikes from the ganglion cells containing this information transmit to the brain’s optic nerve, by which visual information is passed for interpretation in the visual cortex. The right and left visual cortices comprise part of the occipital lobe of the brain, both receiving information from the opposite hemisphere’s visual field. The estimated 140 million neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) (Lueba & Kraftsik, 1994) fire when visual stimuli appear within their receptive field, and these fields are tuned to receive stimuli of specific orientations and colours (Kandal et al., 2000). The receptive fields of neurons in more complex visual processing areas are able to detect more intricate stimuli such as faces (Kanwisher, McDermott & Chun, 1997) or direction (Allman et al. 1984). The five identified visual areas (V1-V5) are interconnected with varying strengths, allowing information to be projected forward from one to another and feedback to be given. As the visual information passes through this hierarchy, it is proposed that is processed by two pathways of neural representation. These pathways, named the dorsal and ventral streams, are hypothesi sed to deal with spatial attention and the recognition and perception of visual stimuli respectively, and involve the passing of visual information and representation further into the brain integrating it with awareness, attention, and memory functions (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982). The process of visual perception, as the eye’s sensory input is interpreted throughout the brain enables us to perceive and construct our own visual world. Gibson (1966) proposed a direct theory of perception, affording the richness of the sensory input with the construction of the perceived visual outcome. He claimed that a variety of environmental cues, or affordances, aid the interpretation of the visual scene. These include brightness, texture gradient, relative size, and superimposition (where one object blocks another). Gibson believed that when combined with invariants (constancies within the environment ie. parallel lines appearing to converge toward a horizon) and optic flow (the pattern of light movement within a visual scene) this was enough to enable the perceiver to orient themselves and the surrounding environment. There are, however, complexities to Gibson’s bottom-up theory of visual processing. It may be overly simplistic to underestimate the role of a top-down influence from the brain. Gibson’s theory does not account for times when the visual system is fooled, or becomes subject to an illusion. Rubin’s Vase (Rubin, 1915) is a classic example of how the human visual system is subject to ambiguity, where one single visual stimulus can be perceived as two distinct images. If the visual system directly processes light into an image, it would follow that a single visual input would lead to a universal and singular output. However, the existence of ambiguity in the perception of a visual stimulus suggests there may be times when the brain cannot decide as to what representation to assign to the visual input. Further questions are raised when looking at the influence of context, and how this can lead us to misinterpret visual stimuli. The Ebbinghaus Illusion, demonstrates perceptual distortion, highlighting the role of contextual cues, where a circle surrounded by large circles is judged as smaller than the same circle surrounded by small circles (Obonai, 1954). This is suggestive of a higher-level process in which the brain applies context relevant logic to the interpretation of a visual stimuli. Additionally, experience provides strong influence over the processing of visual information. ‘Impossible illusions‘ such as Escher’s Waterfall, and the Hollow Face Illusion (Gregory, 1997) exploit concepts of experiential perceptual learning, such as knowledge that adjacent edges must join, and human faces are always convex. These illusions demonstrate how the brain aims to perceive coherence in 3D objects to make sense out of its visual environment, creating a captivating paradox between what we know and what we are actually seeing. Visual perception can be ambiguous, distorted, paradoxical, and even fictitious (Gregory, 1980). It appears to be influenced by context, experience, and expectation, a concept asserted by Richard Gregory (1970) who theorised perception as a top-down process. Deduced from observations of when the human visual system makes errors, Gregory proposed that the brain constructs a visual hypothesis from information processed by the eye based on former experience and knowledge. If the top-down, constructivist theory holds true, there are implications for the constancy of percepts between individuals. We all have idiosynchratic knowledge and experience. Do differences in internal representation lead individuals to perceive visual stimuli differently from each otherAdditionally, what is to be said for the perception of those that have no knowledge or experienceDoherty et al. (2010) observed an absence of suceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion in a number of children under seven years of age, perhaps suggestive that experience and knowledge does have an influence on visual information processing. Without the knowledge base, the children were not affected by the contextual cues. MacLeod (2007) proposes that top-down theories are based on times when visual conditions are poor, and bottom-up theories are founded in ideal viewing conditions; neither of which is an all encompassing explanation of perception. Recent research highlights the interaction of both constructivist and direct processes (MacLeod, 2007), with the proposal that when bottom-up, sensory information is abundant there is less input from contextual hypotheses, and when there is an absence of stimulus information, the brain draws on its prior knowledge and experience to comprehend the input (Ramachandran, 1994). It becomes apparent that the study of human perception and how it is influenced by not only the anatomical structure of the visual pathway, but also psychological components such as experience and knowledge will enable us to further understand how the eyes and the brain interact to process visual information. References: Allman, J., Miezin, F., McGuinness, E. (1985) ‘Direction- and velocity-specific responses from beyond the classical receptive field in the middle temporal visual area (MT)† Perception, 14(2), pp. 105 – 126. Doherty, M., Campbell, N., Hiromi, T., and Phillips, W. (2010) ‘The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults but not young children’, Developmental Science, 13(5), pp. 714-721. Gibson, J. (1950). The perception of the visual world. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gibson, J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gregory, R. (1970). The Intelligent Eye. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Gregory RL. (1980) ‘Perceptions as hypotheses’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 290(B), pp. 181-197. Gregory, R. (1997) ‘Knowledge in perception and illusion’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, vol. 352, pp. 1121–1128. Kandal, E., Schwartz,J., and Jessell, T. (2000). Principles of Neural Science. 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M. (1997) ‘The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception’, Journal of Neuroscience, 17, pp. 4302-4311. Leuba, G., and Kraftsik, R. (1994) ‘Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age’, Anatomy of Embryology, 190, pp.351-366. McLeod, S. (2007). Simply Psychology. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 February 2012]. Nelson, R. (2007) Visual responses of ganglion cells. In: H. Kolb, E. Fernandez, and R. Nelson (eds.), The Organisation of the Retina and Visual System. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Centre. Obonai, T., (1954) ‘Induction effects in estimates of extent’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, pp. 57-60. Ramachandran, V. (1994). In: R. Gregory, and J. Harris, (eds.) The Artful Eye. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 249–267. Rubin, E. (1915). Synsoplevede Figurer: Studier i psykologisk Analyse. Forste Del’ [Visually experienced figures: Studies in psychological analysis. Part one]. Copenhagen and Christiania: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag. Ungerleider, L., and Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In: D. Ingle, M. Goodale, and R. Mansfield, (eds). Analysis of Visual Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 549–586.